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第251回定例オープンセミナー
Biological actions and possible medical applications of nanosecond pulsed electric fields
ナノ秒パルス高電界の生体作用と医療応用

更新日: 2019/10/30

開催日時 2019(令和元)年11月27日(水) 12:30–13:20
開催場所 総合研究実験1号棟5階 HW525
発表者 矢野憲一(熊本大学パルスパワー科学研究所・教授)
関連ミッション ミッション5 高品位生存圏

要旨

Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) are utilized for a broad range of applications in life sciences, because they have various biological effects depending on the duration and intensity of electric pulses. PEFs in duration of ms to µs are well-suited to electroporation of the cell membrane, and thus, are broadly used to transfer macromolecules into living cells, such as transfection of plasmid DNA. In contrast to the ms-to-µs electrical pulses, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) do not generate membrane pores useful for macromolecule transfer. Instead, nsPEFs elicit multiple cellular responses that vary depending on the intensity of the applied electric fields (Fig. 1). Relatively mild nsPEFs induce intracellular signaling responses, and sublethal nsPEFs provoke stress responses that involve phosphorylation-mediated intracellular signaling and translational suppression. Exposure to intense nsPEFs results in cell death in vitro and tumor regression in vivo, suggesting the therapeutic potential of intense nsPEFs for cancer. This seminar provides an overview of biological actions and possible medical applications of nsPEFs.

Seminar-0251_YanoFig. 1. Intensity-dependency of cellular responses to nsPEFs
nsPEFs elicit distinct cellular responses, depending on their intensities. Relatively weak nsPEFs exhibit little effects on cell growth and cell death but can activate several signal pathways, including various MAPK pathways, like JNK, ERK, and p38 pathways, and AMPK pathway. nsPEFs at modest intensities induce the stress responses that include eIF2alpha phosphorylation, 4E-BP1 dephosphorylation, and translational suppression. Strong nsPEFs cause cell death, and either apoptosis or necrosis is induced in a cell type-dependent manner.

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