Observations with the MU radar, sounding rockets, and radiosondes quantitatively clarified characteristics of atmospheric gravity waves and their effects on the Earth's general circulation and temperature structure.

Atmospheric waves propagating upwards become unstable and generate turbulence, which has been studied in detail from radiowave scattering of the resulting turbulence.

Variability of the upper atmosphere (ionosphere) has been observed with the MU radar, the only IS radar in the Asian sector.

Strong echoes perpendicular to the geomagnetic field were observed, and in conjunction with sounding rockets and optical instruments the mechanism of midlatitude ionospheric irregularities has been clarified.

Several types of BLRs were developed based on experience with the MU radar, and differences in the boundary layer between midlatitude and equatorial regions elucidated.

The MU radar can measure the 3-D wind, and is a powerful tool for studies of weather phenomena. Typhoon 9426 passed over the Shigaraki MU Observatory, and detailed structures of the typhoon cross-section were clarified.

RASS was developed for remote sensing of atmospheric temperature, and uses sound wave to backscatter for the MU radar. Complicated meteorological disturbances i.e. front systems, can be studied with higher temporal resolutions. Temperature profile with higher vertical velocity was analyzed by using the MU radar imaging observation system.

The MU radar can measure backscatters from meteor trails even in daytime and under all weather conditions. The horizontal structure of wind velocities field was successfully analyzed by using multi-cannel facility of the MU radar.

By analyzing echo power intensity, water vapor amount can be estimated in the lower atmosphere, regardless meteorological conditions. Humidity profiles with the MU radar will be helpful to analyze severe meteorological disturbances.

Detailed atmospheric structure with the excellent temporal and vertical resolutions was monitored with the MU radar imaging observation system. The detailed variation of turbulence and layered structure was successfully elucidated with the imaging results.