menu

2020 Activity Report for Mission 1: Environmental Diagnosis and Regulation of Circulatory Function

Updated: 2021/04/30

Research1:Biosphere−Atmosphere Exchange of Trace Molecules 

Principal Investigator (PI): K. Takahashi (RISH, Kyoto University)
Research collaborator(s): Y. Kosugi (Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University), A. Sakabe (Hakubi Center, Kyoto University), M. Itoh (Univ. Hyogo), H. Iwata (Shinshu Univ.)

We study carbon dynamics from the ecosystem scale to the plot scale in forest environments through in-situ measurements of trace gas fluxes based on micrometeorological methods and automated closed-chamber techniques.


Publication

  1. D. Epron, A. Sakabe, K. Takahashi, M. Harada, T. Watanabe, and S. Asakawa, Emission of methane from the stems of several Japanese tree species: Variations between species and individuals, and within individuals, The 68th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Japan, 17-21, March, 2021

Research 2 :Analysis of plant metabolites in the rhizosphere

Principal Investigator (PI): Akifumi Sugiyama (RISH, Kyoto University)
Research collaborator(s): Shoichiro Hamamoto (Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo), Naoto Nihei (Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo)

The aim of this research is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of plant microbe interaction in the rhizosphere. We analyze transporter genes and metabolites which are involved in the plant microbe interactions.  This year we revealed daidzein secretion is higher during the vegetative stages in field-grown soybean.

    M1

Figure. Secretion of isoflavones into the rhizosphere of soybean

Publication

  1. Toyofuku M., Okutani F., Nakayasu M., Hamamoto S., Takase H., Yazaki K., Sugiyama A. (2021) Enhancement of developmentally regulated daidzein secretion from soybean roots in field conditions as compared with hydroponic culture. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

Research 3: MU radar imaging observations of atmospheric structure in the troposphere

Principal Investigator (PI): Hiroyuki Hashiguchi (RISH, Kyoto University)
Research collaborators: Lakshmi Kantha・Abhiram Doddi(University of Colorado, USA)、Hubert Luce(Université de Toulon, France)

Range imaging was implemented in the MU radar observations during the Shigaraki UAV Radar Experiment (ShUREX) campaigns in the spring/summers of 2015, 2016, and 2017. The Capon backscatter images revealed a variety of atmospheric structures in the moist troposphere in details. Figure shows the time-height cross-section of echo intensities obtained by the MU radar range imaging. It can be seen that Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) billows exist at an altitude of about 5 km in 14:30-14:50.

Time-height cross-section of echo intensities obtained by the MU radar [Kantha et al., 2019]

Publications

  1. H. Luce, L. Kantha, H. Hashiguchi, A. Doddi, D. Lawrence, and M. Yabuki, On the relationship between TKE dissipation rate and temperature structure function parameter in the convective boundary layer, J. Atmos. Sci., 77, 2311-2326, doi:10.1175/JAS-D-19-0274.1, 2020

Research 4: Alteration of cell shape in primary tissue during gravitropism

Principal Investigator (PI): Kei’ichi Baba (RISH, Kyoto University)

With a view to constructing extraterrestrial forests that contribute to humankind’s long-term stay in space, tree responses under several artificial environments, such as microgravity, shortened annual cycle and so on, are investigated. We cultivate poplar, which is a model organism of woody plant, and investigate its growth, morphogenesis, and the physiological response under an artificial environment. Microgravity condition is performed by mounting a tree on a clinostat. The shortened annual cycle cultivation is a system that shorten the annual cycle to 5 months while maintaining the annual ring formation ability of poplar by controlling the environment using growth chambers.

Poplar cultivated in a growth chamber with shortened annual cycle system.

Publications, etc.

  1. The 84th Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of Japan, Nagoya (Online), Japan, Sep 19-21, 2020

Research 5:Collaborative studies in Fukushima since the Great East Japan Earthquake

Principal Investigator (PI): Yoshikatsu Ueda (RISH, Kyoto University)
Research collaborator(s): Akifumi Sugiyama (RISH, Kyoto University), Shiro Suzuki (RISH, Kyoto University),Naoto Nihei (Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Rattanaporn Norarat  (Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Rai, Thailand), Minoru Tanigaki (Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University)

Radioactive Cesium fell down to cultivation area around Fukushima prefecture by the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 2011. We conducted various methods to clean up soil for agriculture. We investigate the contamination variation around cultivation area by using the walking radiation measurement system KURAMA (Kyoto University RAdiation MApping system) and by direct measuring of radioactive cesium concentration as international collaboration.

Visualizing environmental radiation map via KURAMA (Kyoto University RAdiation MApping system) and direct msurering of Cs-137 concentration

Publications, etc.

  1. R. Norarat, V. Thonglek, Y. Ueda, Ultrafine bubbles (UFB) stability and its filtering effect, International Journal of Plasma Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 14, accepted
  2. Ueda, Y., Nihei, N., Tanigaki, M., Norarat, R., Radioactive Cesium Distribution Measurement by Using KURAMA in Iitate Village, Fukushima, the International Workshop on Environmental Engineering 2019, Okinawa, 2019.6.27

Research 6: Observations of atmospheric minor constituents using lidar techniques

Principal Investigator (PI): Masanori Yabuki (RISH, Kyoto University)

Atmospheric lidar is a powerful tool for monitoring atmospheric constituents, which are key parameters for understanding the mechanisms underlying environmental changes and localized extreme weather events.  In FY2020, the grating spectrograph was constructed for a temperature Raman lidar. We developed a mobile vehicle lidar for agricultural applications in environmental monitoring based on compact aerosol lidar characterized by near-range and high-range resolution measurements.

mission_report_28_1_10

Publication

  1. Yabuki, M., T. Tsuda, Y. Kawano, Y. Tottori, M. Tsukamoto, and E. Takeuc, A Raman Lidar with a Deep Ultraviolet Laser for Continuous Water Vapor Profiling in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, EPJ Web of Conferences 237, 03001, 2020. doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023703001
  2. Saito, Y., K. Kameya, A. Ogasawara, T. Kirinaka, S. Utsunomiya, and M. Yabuki, Collection of Fluorescence Spectrum of Aerosol-Candidate- Substance for Fluorescence Lidar Application, Optics and Photonics for Sensing the Environment 2020 (Washington, DC, United States), 22–26 June 2020

Research 7:Breeding of gramineous plants toward revegetation of deteriorated grass field and production of biomass energy

Principal Investigator (PI): Toshiaki Umezawa (RISH, Kyoto University)
Research collaborator(s): Yuki Tobimatsu, Takuji Miyamoto, Rie Takada, Masaomi Yamamura
(RISH, Kyoto University), Satoshi Konishi (IAE, Kyoto University), Masahiro Sakamoto (GSA, Kyoto University), Satya Nugroho (LIPI), Safendrri Komara Ragamustari (LIPI)

Appropriate management and revegetation of deteriorated grasslands formed after natural forest logging in Southeast Asia are global issues. In order to address this issue, we have been conducting researches aimed at revegetation of deteriorated grasslands and production of biomass energy. In this fiscal year, we are conducting the breeding of biomass plants suitable for carbon sequestration combining photovoltaic power generation and biomass production. In particular, we are promoting the breeding of high-productivity grass biomass plants with high carbon content.

Publications, etc.    

  1. Toshiaki Umezawa, Yuki Tobimatsu, Masaomi Yamamura, Takuji Miyamoto, Yuri Takeda, Taichi Koshiba, Rie Takada, Pui Ying Lam, Shiro Suzuki, Masahiro Sakamoto: Lignin Metabolic Engineering in Grasses for Primary Lignin Valorization, Lignin, 1, 30-41 (2020)
  2. Takuji Miyamoto, Yuki Tobimatsu and Toshiaki Umezawa: MYB-mediated regulation of lignin biosynthesis in grasses, Current Plant Biology, 24, 100174 (2020)

2019 Activity Report

Gokasho, Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. 611-0011
Telephone: +774-38-3346 Facsimile: +774-38-3600
E-mail: webmaster@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp